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Coal and Conflict in Eastern Ukraine
Arthofer, Nicholas Roy ; Plechanovová, Běla (advisor) ; Mazač, Jan (referee)
The goal of this work is to analyze the behavior of actors involved in the ceasefire set by the Minsk II protocols in the Donbas region of Ukraine. The study begins by explaining ceasefires from a theoretical perspective and are proven to be an integral form of state relations. Actors have options in ways to react to ceasefires, and act upon differing impulses when they are presented with a situation set by an existing ceasefire which is in effect. This decision-making process is highly convoluted, but because a ceasefire is often the difference between open conflict and a cessation of violence, it is crucial to understand each possible reaction, so as to give the parties involved the best chance at reducing violence. The Minsk II Protocols, signed on February 12th , 2015, were designed to reduce violence and tensions in the Eastern Donbas region. The legitimacy of the ceasefire was acknowledged, and yet fighting continued after it took effectiveness. This study seeks to show that despite this seemingly incongruent behavior, the decision to violate the ceasefire was rational at the time of the violations themselves. Rationality is described, Sovereignty is defined, and the study attempts to prove that due to the economic situation that could be separatists were confronted with, it was highly...
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Comparation of separatist organizations ETA and IRA
Klouček, Petr ; Soukup, Jaromír (advisor) ; Doboš, Bohumil (referee)
This thesis focuses on two separatist organisations, the Basque ETA and the Irish IRA. The thesis uses the method of comparative analysis, therefore, it aims to find out what were the similarities and differences between the separatist organisations. Among other things, the thesis looks at the development of Basque and Irish nationalism and examines the historical background of both conflicts, as the origins of both conflicts are very important for the comparison itself. Both the Basque ETA and the Irish IRA are in fact the best known modern separatist organisations that were active in Europe in the second half of the 20th century, and it is safe to say that they left their tragic mark on both Spanish and British territory, alternately changing the political situation in both countries. Although the thesis also explores and develops Irish and Basque nationalism, the primary aim of the thesis is to compare ETA and the IRA, from the period of their emergence. The temporal dimensions of the comparison will be slightly different for the two organisations, as ETA will be examined from 1959, the year of its foundation. For the IRA, the beginning of the modern conflict is 1969 and the formation of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA for short), but the origins of this organisation go back to the...
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EU Policy towards autonomous regions with a potential to be independent - Catalonia and Scotland
Havlín, Kryštof ; Mejstřík, Martin (advisor) ; Kasáková, Zuzana (referee)
The bachelor's thesis aims to analyze the policy of the European Union towards European autonomous regions which have the potential to become independent. It focuses especially on the issue of EU membership for regions that have a tendency to separate from an EU Member State. Two major separatist events took place in the European Union in the last decade. In 2014, Scotland declared a referendum approved by the central government on independence from the UK. In 2017, the independent Republic of Catalonia, that wanted to secede from the Kingdom of Spain on the basis of an illegal referendum, was declared. The passive attitude of the European Union towards the aggravated situation in the territory of its member state led me to address the issue from the perspective of the EU whose representatives consider these developments to be internal affairs of the states. The main goal of the bachelor's thesis is to find out what the approach of the EU to the mentioned regions is in terms of potential membership in case these regions become independent. At the same time, the bachelor's thesis should clarify why the European Union holds these positions and what their legal framework is. The paper also presents hypothetical scenarios for the accession of potentially independent regions of Catalonia and Scotland to...
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The European Union and the unrecognized states in Georgia
Kasalová, Michaela ; Najšlová, Lucia (advisor) ; Aslan, Emil (referee)
This thesis considers the role of the European Union in dealing with the problem of unrecognized states on the territory of Georgia. The aim of the thesis is to find out which tools the EU employs in solving this problem. Unrecognized states are rejected as partners of the international community, thus they lack the basis for entering international relations, the external sovereignty. Nevertheless, this doesn't prevent them from functioning internally and offering their citizens functions similar to ordinary sovereign states. Since the unrecognized states in Georgia, Abkhazia and South Ossetia, are considered parts of Georgia, this thesis will also examine how the EU employs its tools in Georgia and in the unrecognized entities and the influence of the non-recognition of these states on the engagement of the EU in them. Abkhazia and South Ossetia were created shortly after the collapse of the Soviet Union and the following ethnopolitical conflicts in the South Caucasus. Since then, the unrecognized states have developed and built a national identity which is opposed to the former central state, Georgia. They have become seemingly independent, however, their existence is dependent on several factors, most importantly, the presence of an external patron, in this case Russia. The engagement of the...
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Systemic separatism of Chechen Republic
Kovbuz, Mikhail ; Aslan, Emil (advisor) ; Šír, Jan (referee)
Systemic separatism of Chechen Republic is a thesis dedicated to a relationship between Chechen republic and Russian Federation. This thesis is analyzing how far independence of Chechnya on Russia currently reaches, while also comparing the current state of Chechen affairs to what it was during Russian-Chechen conflict and the period of Chechen, de facto, independence in between those wars. Four chapters of this thesis analyze Russo-Chechen relationship from five different points of view - political, economic, personal and military- security. These is also a fifth chapter dedicated solely to historical context, which is a key to understanding development of Chechen Republic since the fall of the Soviet Union. Throughout all chapters an in-depth analysis of possible future development of the republic may be found.
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Separatist tendencies in Europe - case of Catalonia and Padania
Voráček, Michal ; Romancov, Michael (advisor) ; Riegl, Martin (referee)
This bachelor thesis is devoted to Catalan and Padanian (North Italian) separatism. It aims to analyze and compare separatist tendencies in two European regions - in Catalonia and in the region of so-called Padania on the background of the historical development within their home states. The thesis is a combination of a description and a comparative case study and is divided into two main parts. The theoretical part deals with the definition of the basic terms that are crucial for understanding the issue of separatism and that pervade the whole thesis. After that, the cleavage theory of Stein Rokkan and Seymour Martin Lipset is briefly introduced, especially the centre-periphery cleavage on which the analytic part is based. The analytic part deals with the origin and rise of Catalan and, respectively, Padanian separatism, with an emphasis on the historical development of the analyzed regions, their current position within Spain and Italy, the main factors affecting separatist and nationalist tendencies and the contemporary political representation in both regions. In the final chapter, the obtained data are compared with the aim to find the basic similarities and differences between the separatism in Catalonia and so-called Padania.
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Systemic separatism of Chechen Republic
Kovbuz, Mikhail ; Aslan, Emil (advisor) ; Horák, Slavomír (referee)
Systemic separatism of Chechen Republic is a thesis dedicated to a relationship between Chechen republic and Russian Federation. This thesis is analyzing how far independence of Chechnya on Russia currently reaches, while also comparing the current state of Chechen affairs to what it was during Russian-Chechen conflict and the period of Chechen, de facto, independence in between those wars. Four chapters of this thesis analyze Russo-Chechen relationship from five different points of view - political, economic, personal and military- security. These is also a fifth chapter dedicated solely to historical context, which is a key to understanding development of Chechen Republic since the fall of the Soviet Union. Throughout all chapters an in-depth analysis of possible future development of the republic may be found.
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Separatist tendencies in individual EU Member States and the potential impact on the free movement of persons in the EU
Hřivna, Vít ; Kunertová, Tereza (advisor) ; Pítrová, Lenka (referee)
Separatist tendencies in individual EU Member States and the potential impact on the free movement of persons in the EU This thesis deals with the separatist tendencies within the Member States of the European Union. It is therefore a case when a certain region within a Member State decides to secede from it. This needs to be distinguished from a situation when a whole Member State decides to withdraw from the Union. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the various possible scenarios in the case where there is a separation of that region from the Member State. It deals with it in the context of the regions potential continuity within the Union and furthermore it examines the differences between the two most important cases of possible internal secession in the EU of today: Catalonia and Scotland. The thesis evaluates the most probable scenarios in both cases and the consequent impact of such subjective secession of the regions on citizens and their rights in the EU context, in particular the free movement of persons. The first chapter deals with the definition of separatism and general characteristics of the practical behavior of the regions and the state they secede from in the context of the EU. It looks especially at the relationship between the originar country and the separatist region and...
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